Mounting



May 13, 1941. H. c. LORD MOUNTING Filed Marh e, 1940 s Sheets-Sheet 1 y 1941- H. c. LORD 2,241,408

MOUNT ING Filed March 6, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 13, 1941. H. c. LORD 2,241,403

' MOUNTING Fil ed March a. 1940 "s She ets-Sheet 5 sistance to sustain Patented May 13, '1941 "UNITED. V'STATES PATENT" optic];

MOUNTING Ham 0. an, Erie, 1a.,

. facturlng Company, Erie, Pa.,

1 Pennsylvania ssslgnor toLordManna corporation of Application Marchfi, 1940, Serial No. 322,470

19 Claims.

The present invention is directed to the implrovement of mountings designed to quiet vibraom' p Instruments subjected to vibrational disturb ances respond to varying characteristics, each adding its peculiar problem and each of which must be satisfied to obtain the best results. To satisfy these problems it is usually necessary to provide greater freedom in some directions to satisfy the major disturbances, and comparatively greater resistance in other directions to satisfy load carrying and shock sustaining requirements.

The present inventionprovides great flexibil ity and adaptability in satisfying the variations in characteristics and requirements involved in mountings ofthis character and further, the stresses on the rubber are so directed and arranged as to give uniformity of performanceand ease in calculating vibration characteristics and load stresses which must be provided in the mounting to satisfy differing installations.

The invention as here exemplified is utilized to while in its broader larly a radial engine, and,

aspects the invention is not so limitedyit has particular advantages in this. environment.

It has heretofore beenrealized that rubber in shear, while affording stability,

bers and mounted with' their axes tangentially arranged around the engine supporting ring,

thus presenting the rubber largely indirect stress in the direction of the center of gravity affording greater resistance than the torque rethe load of the engine and hold the engine against drooping.

Similar 'characteristicshave been suggested for an overhanging aeroplane engine mounting to which there is added yieldability in shear of the rubber for maintaining the load characteristics by direct stress of the rubber. This has been accomplished by so-called sandwich .rnountings airis more yield able and consequently important in mountings of this character. This shear relation is more definitely established by bonding the shear translational vibrations while (cine-5) H a 1 ranged in a planeatright angles tothe axis of the engine.

Greater freedom in a translational direction while retaining the other characteristics of theperpendicularly arranged sandwich mountings has been provided by theuse of parallel links having ball surface joints atthe ends of the links. I l I It has been found that devices such as engines not only develop translational and torsional disturbances, but also what is'known as angular vibration, that-is, a tendency to move on a focal mount an overhung aeroplane engine, particucenter adjacent to or atthe center of gravity so that the axis of the engine tends to develop an hourglass pattern centered at the center of gravity. Recognizing this disturbing factor, a mounting has been made which gives rubber shear responding freedom to' this angular vibra-' tion and also rubber shearresponding freedom to torque impulses while retaining freedom ina translationaldirection. This was accomplished by tangentially arranged tubular mountings combined with tubular mountings extending from the tangential mountingsin a direction parallel to the axis of the engine, thus providing rubber in shear stress both tangentially and axially of the engine, but this arrangement while giving angular freedom did not support the-engine load through direct stress of the rubber and therefore did not as satisfactorily as the prior structures referred to, prevent drooping of the engine. a l t In a'further development freedom has been maintained, so far as the angular and torsional vibrations are concerned, through shear response of the supporting rubber but the load is carried through direct stress of the rubber. A typical arrangement provides so-called sandwich mountings arranged tangentially to a sphere having a focal pointslightly in front of the center of gravity. The focal lines being at right angles to the sandwich surfaces places the load stress directly across the rubber or in direct stress. This eifectuallyprevents undue drooping of the engine; but does permit angular and torsional freedom. h i

It has also been suggested that bodies having vibratory oscillations could be satisfactorily bration, the vibration being partly satisfied by the swinging of the .links and partly satisfied by the cushion, the cushion forming at least part of the necessary resistance to the swinging some pinching of the rubber as the the rubber.

tively"'s'imple and direct.

' appear more follows:

movement.

The link idea. has been adapted for overhung aeroplane engines responding not only to the its adaptation to different environments and in its'capacity for variations in comparative resistances to accommodate it to changes in-vibrational and load carrying requirements and also its adaptability with relation to variations in support and engine design. There is also plates swing. The focally directed links subject some of the joints in response to angular movement to a cocking action and to a direct axial shear movement in. the link joint, while as to other angular vibrations thelink joints are subjected to tors ion. Some of these stresses of the rubber are diil cultto calculate both as to resistances and auto load requirements and wear and present some difiiculties'as to installation.

In thepresent invention the loadv characteristics of direct cross-stress pressure or tension is retained for sustaining the load along the focal linesextending from any desired focus, ordinarily somewhat in front of the center of gravity. to torque im- It provides fre'edomin response pulses through shear of the rubber.

It provides angular freedom stress of the rubber. The rubber is arranged use that the stresses both with relation to torque and angular vibrations and load carrying re-l quirements are evenly distributed and satisfied without jlocally undue. strainingany portion of The uniform stressingof the rubber makes the calculations ofrubber and parts dimensions to satisfy an environment compara It provides a structure relieved of any unusual strains and consequently makes possible a lighter and simpler structure."

different directions may be readily changed to take care of requirement conditions. It-also provides adevice that may "be readily adapted for attachment to varying designs of parts united by the mounting.

Features and details of the invention will fully from the-specification and claims. I 1 Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated" in the accompanying drawings as Fig. 1 shows a view in outline of an overhanging radial' engine with the mountings and support in p1ace, the supporting ring being in section. Fig. 2 an elevation looking toward-the rear of the supporting ring with the mountings thereon, said mountings being detached from the engine. 1

. ,Fig. 3 an enlarged view of the engine pedestal for securing the engine end of the mount.

Fig. 4 asection onthe line 4-4 in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 a view showing .the differentparts of the structure separated axially;

I Fig; 6 a section on theline 4-4 in Fig. 2'.show- It provides adapt- 'ability whereby the comparative resistances in in; the position of the parts. assumed with an angular movement of the engine. 1

Fig. 7 a diagram of the engine link movements to accommodate an angular movement of the engine. I

Fig. 8 a sectional view of an alternative construction.

Fig. 9 a section on the line 9-9 in Fig. 8.

I marks an engine; x:c the approximate rotative axis of the engine; 2 an engine supporting ring carried by struts or frame'supports 3.

Pedestals 4 are secured circumferentially around I the engine, ordinarily to the rear of the center of gravity, marked '0. g. in Fig. 1.

A mounting 5 is secured to the pedestal 4 and to the bracket 2" on the ring. The focal line 9-1 extends from the focal point 6 through through shear l4 and the mounting. This focal line, as illustrated, is

,at an angle to the axis a::c of approximately 35. This angle, of course, may be shifted as may be necessary by reason of the structural features of the engine or by reasonof the vibrational requirements in the set-up.

A propeller 8 is carried on the forward part of the engine in the usual manner and its vibrationalcharacteristics are added to those of the engine to be quieted bythe arrangement of the mountings. i

The mounting comprises links converging on the focal point. Spherical. units form swinging joints for each of the ends of the links. These joint units have cores 9'and 9 centered at "I and I0. respectively-that is to say, the centers of the ends of thelink are ill and I0 establish the effective length of the link. I Spherical plates II and II are arranged on the concave sides of the cores, and a'center having sphericalportions l2 and I2 opposed to the convex sides of the cores is arranged between theoores. Frame members l3 and I3 are provided with grooves I4 forming seats for the plates II and I I, The frame members are screwed onto the parts l2 and I! so that the parts II and II'J- The axis of this frame swings on the link" centers and is always in alignment with these centers. It is, in fact, the link. 9

Rubber or resilient material I 5 and l5? is arranged in the spaces between the cores 9 and 9' and the plates H and II and similar rubber layers l6 and ii are arranged between the cores 9 and 9' and the centerportions l2 and'l2'. The

- rubber isbonded to the engaged surfaces prefrubber in place as it is stressed in erably during vulcanization, so as to retain the shear by the swinging of the surfaces I The cores 9 and 9' have stems or projections l1 and II respectively. The plates II and II have openings I1 and I l affording clearance between the stems and the plates to permit m'ovementof the cores. Preferably the cores are provided with shoulders l8 and I8 from which the stems project.

The pedestal 4 has. a. centering projection I 9 on itsbase 4' to assist; indefinitely locating it with relation to the engine, and the base is pro vided with perforations 20' through which securing cap screws 2| extend. The pedestal has I through which the aperforation 22, the axis of which may be in alignment with the focal line. and a nut '23 is arranged on the end of the stern locking the stem in the pedestal.

An adapter 24 is provided with anopening 25 I stem l1 extends; this openwtendsfto the center of the core 9' sothereis no turning movement exerted-on the shank.

thus :very materially strengthening -the union at .the critical point.

faxes directly on the axis of the link centers, the inner center being offset from the original focal element I5 is indicatedby the section linesyand .1,

l, the sum of the point at the center of the lines 6- -1 to the line 8,1.

1 "lines 39-40, and I by the section lines.

sent angular movement and is typical of angular movement in any I That is tovsay, the torsional movement is accomexcept that, by reason joints are slightly rotated, aswell as rocke .shear stress practically uniform throughout'i the link as b"; the link as b i the, rear to apolnt d tending from the point alto the point b t ing having its axis preferably on the focal line.

.The stem is secured inthe adapter by a nut 26'. The .adapter has a shank 21 whichextends through. anbpening 28 in the bracket 2 and this shank is secured on the bracket by a; nut-29. It

will be noted that the axis of the shank fl ex- The rubber at 30 extends around the ends of v the core and the rubber as a whole is spaced from the frame parts. With an extreme movement'of the core, the rubber 30 contacts the frame and forms a limiting stop. As stated, preferably the "rubber is bonded to thesurfaces engaged, the a bonded edges'of the rubber terminating in thin edges 3|, 3|, 32, 32', 33, 33', 34 and 34-,sucha thin edge relieving the exposed edge ofthe bond,

With this structure,"the'links swing on the link "centers to permit an angular freedom of movement of the engine, the rubber yielding to this movement entirely in shear. The shear stress throughout therubber is uniform and no part of the rubber is pinched in that the swinging niovel ment is in" line with the'rubber surfaces.

It' will be noted from the view in Fig. 6 that the engine has moved angularly from the'focal line 6- 1 to the'focalline 6-'I', that the axis of the member I2 and I2" and frame have their line 6+1 to the focal line 6-1; that "(the line 1 ofdefiection of theelement I6 is indicated by. the line 35-36 and the shear deflection 'of the, 3 V

thatthe shear movement of the lower joint unit j is represented by the distance between the line 6-1 and the line joining the" centers 10 and ovement in the two joint 40 units centered at -lll and l0 being slightly less than the movement of the engine about the focal mounting from the t I The shearstress on the. rubber in the joints 16 is indicated by the 4 Dividing the movement in this way reduces the necessary clearance provided by the openings I1 and modated by a swinging the entire movement is satisfied in shear, w

In the diagram, Fig. upper link by the line a, the center traversed by, the link'in an upward ment of the engine by the line a '7, we have designated an (l0)asa',the arc i angular moveand the point to whicha' is swung in this upward movement as "a We have designated the lower link by the line b, the'center lfl asbfthe arctraversed by and the ultimate 'point reached by Inthis arrangement the center d Q of the engine willbe moved upwardly and toward midway in the lin-efeex- For convenience in the diagraminFig 'l we v have assumed the presence. of e ht ins e 9 seven mounting units, as in Fig. 2, and thus the side links will both be in a horizontal plane passing through the axis, but in line with thefocal I angle. So far as the upward movement of the rear of theengine is concerned, as indicated in the diagram Fig. 7, the side links move-in unison I and so far as the center point on, the engine is concerned may be treated as a single link at the center foreshortened by reasonof' the focal angle and as indicated in the diagram. Such a link is -indicated by the line 0 having its free hinge point 0 which, when moved,follows the are c and with an upward movement coincident with that indicated in relation to the bottom'and top l links would reach a. position marked 0 'It would seem probable that the converging links having' 'defmite joint centers and with the free ends of the links alltied to the rigidly connected engine parts could not be swung in sumcientlyconforming unison to permit angular free.- dom of the engine, but a careful analysis of the movements indicates that it is possible to give the engine angular movement through a practical working range and that the relation'of the movements will be such as to compensate for divergent paths so as to make the system practical. Thus in the diagram, Fig.7, when the point c' of the link 0 hasreached the'point c which it will reach; with an upward movement of 'the engine,

the point c and the point d so nearly coincide thatthe divergence is so small as to be practical-2 1y undiscernible in a scale drawing and there will be less difference than would be involved in ordinary working construction tolerances. Thus 5 the focal point may be selected andcontrolled by;the free-swinging links converging toward the selected focal point and operating on definitely centered spherical bearings.

Again the swinging of the links circumferentially in response to torque reactions operates equally I all around on the engine so that this torque swinging movement creates no'binding ac- 'tion. It will be noted; however, that the top and bottom links with this circumferential swinging 5 mo'vementwill' be moved slightly out of the ver-' tical plane, but their relations will not be materially changed so far as up and down movement is concerned. The side links with such a swinging movement will'move one side link downwardly from the horizontal and the opposite side link upwardly, but this up and down movement, as

well as the slight endwise movement of the engine, will be neutralized at thecenter of theen- .gine so that the point d will rem'ain in the axis .J-fi' When, however, there is combined with the torque swinging an angular upward pitch movement, as indicated generally in Fig. "7, the top and bottomlinks will move very much' as they do in Fig. 7,' but theside link that has moved downwardly will have a return upward movement sovJthat it may reach its initial position and'the link at the up movement side of thesame amplitude may move upwardly to substantially twice the distancebrought about by the circumferential swinging under torque. Thusthe part d midway between the free ends of the side links will be i moved upwardly and rearwardly substantially to i the extent indicated in'F'ig. 7, and the point d will very nearlycoincide with the point d inthe line e. In fact, this divergence will be so small that it would create no more disturbance than would be found from divergence in) ordinary working tolerances.

i I have'found that a relation of parts involving a focal angle of 35? from the axis, a distancefrom the center of, the mount to thegfocal point of tioninlink movements so closelythat thediffer- Qt. ence is so little as-not to-appear within the limits of line drawings in a graphical representation.

This relates to, the extreme movement as indicatedof a focal line of this being ,sufiicient for the ordinary vibratory movement.

The divergence of these link movements in- I I 21.216 inches, a length of link r 423, inches, a l radius ofapproximately; 1% inches to'the center of v-the,. core of eachunit compensates the varia- It will also be noted thatif the distance between the units, in other words the: parts I! and. I! are separated the shear movement in-- cident to the swinging of the links will be reduced,

, consequently there is a comparative reduction of I shear resistance as related to the axial or focally creases somewhat; as the focal angle increases,

and correspondingly decreases as the focal angle is decreased. The divergence also is altered by the length of the link, that is, the distance be-': tween the linkcenters. The longer the link centers, the less the comparative divergenceof the free endsof the linksfrom a plane fixed with the i engine.

"While have shown but one angular position in Fig. 7 .that ofan upwardpitch movement itwillgbe understood that the relation of the links at. right. angles to that stress.

directed resistance, the focally directed resistance remaining substantially constant It will also :be

noted that by separating the link centers the relation may bechanged.

By extending the cores to take a greaternumber of degrees of arc, the rubber in these extensions willhavethe same'shear resistance as the rest of the rubber to rockingor swinging action, but this outer portion of the rubber will not present the same resistance to focal stress as theparts of the rubber which are substantially In oher words,

as the rubber is carried around, it presents some of the-rubber resisting the focal stress in shear foradownward pitch or for accommodating the 1 .yawof the engine or combinationsof these-movementsisthe same, the only difference being that diflerent links respond to diiferent directions of enginejmovement. It will also be understood sultants between these twosatisfying the general 7 ,scheme of operation of the system.

It willbe understood thatby reason of the relaj that the links between thetop. and sideshave re- A er if a greater divergence, by reason of greater focal angles, lengths of links, or other conditions, makes this desirable, the load-carrying mountings remaining substantially the same.-

, It will be noted that the entire structure, in-

' cluding the stems and spherical plates, isunited through the bonding of the rubber as a single working unit and that the rubber surfaces are locked'against, movement relatively to'the sur- 'faces engaged by a surface lock, preferably a vulcanized bond, 'sothat with relative movement of that-of the preferred construction. It however,

stress. This again makes possible a variation in these parts.

A structure of great capacity may be included in a small unit because the. rubber is not overstressed at any local point, is not unduly pinched at any local point, or is not skewed from its normal moving relation. 30

In the alternative construction shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the features are practically the same except there is substituted for the unit involving the corea metal ball joint. This ball jointinvolvesa pedestal 43, a ball element 44 mounted ona -bolt'45 extendingv through, ears 46 on the pedestal. The outerpart of the bearing has split sockets 4'! engaging the surface of the ball 44 arranged in an opening48 in the end of the-link 49, which linkissecured to the memberl2. 'I'he'parts "are secured in the opening 48 by ..plates 50.

' In operation this corresponds in the main to l affords a greater resistance on the focal-line as lar movements.

compared to the resistances in torque andangu- What I claim as new is: i

1. In a mounting assembly a vibrating body;

, a mounting means attached thereto for supportthe stems l1, H the actionis accommodated by this freedom of movement of the parts united through thebond by action of the rubber in shear andthat the direction of force ateach point of thesphericalsurfaces engaged by the rubber is terial in action to direct stress substantially. tangential, or in the direction of the I surface at the point of engagement. so that the side moyement is entirely sustained by this surface engagement. Thus the relation of the cores a, s' and i2, 2 is .maintained'and controlled with shear freedom through this bonding relation lflindependentlyof the presence, or absence of the frame members. I

It will .be noted that this mounting subjects practically all the rubber involved to direct stress,

either tension or compression, in sustaining the loadthrusts on the focal lines. It will also be noted that all swinging movement which accommodates'the torque and angular movement .is indirect shear stress and thus efiords very much less resistance to angular and torque move ments.

On the other hand, by arranging the focal'point in advance of the c. g., such transing the bodycomprising converging links, each link extending substantially in the, direction of the load on the link; oneend at least of each link being cushioned in resilient material such as rubber accommodatingthrough its distortion the swing of the joint, substantially all of the mabeing preponderantly subjected by thrusts lengthwise of the link. 2-. In a mounting assembly a vibrating body; a mounting means attached thereto forsupporting the body comprising a series of three or more linkseach link extending substantially in the I direction of the load on the link and converging from out of line positions toward each other, one

end at least of each link being cushioned in resilient material such as rubber and accommodating through its distortion the swinging of the 'joint, substantially all of the material in action beingpreponderantly subjected to direct stress by thrusts lengthwise ofthe link.

3.. In a mounting assembly a vibrating body; a

. mounting means attached theretofor supporting the body. comprising converging links',jeach'link extending substantially in the direction of the loadon the link, one end at least of each link being cushioned in resilientv material such as lational movement as is. desirable is accommo- .dated.-

material in action a mounting means attached rubber accommodating through its distortion the swinging oi the joint. substantially all of the material in actionbeing preponderantly subjected to direct stress by thrustslengthwlse oi the link and a major portion of the resistance oft'he resilient material to swinging of each link being through ,shear, stress of the material.

. 4. In a mounting assembly a vibratory body; a mounting means attached thereto 'forsupporting the. body comprising a series or three orrnore] linksconverging rrom out ofline positions to-j ward each other, "one end at least of each link being cushioned in resilient material such as rubber accommodatingflthr'ough its distortion the swinging of the joint andfresponding universally to angular movement of the link at the joint through a preponderance of shear stress or the material.

5. In a mounting assembly a vibratory body;

a mounting means attached thereto forsupporting the body comprising a series of three or more links converging from out of line positions toward each other, one end at least of each link being cushioned in resilient material such as rubing thebody. comprising a series oi three or more linkeconverging irom cut oil line'positione toward each other, one end at least of each link being cushioned in resilient materialsuch as rubber and having universal swinging movement. said links controlling and accommodating the angu lar andatorsional vibratory movements of the bodythrough the swinging'of the links.

. l2. Ina mounting assembly a vibratory body having .induced torsionaltand angular vibrations;

. amounting meansattachedthereto forsupporting thefbody comprisinga seriesofithree or more links converging tromjout or line positions toward each other andc'ontrelling andjaccommodating'through the swinging movementjoi the links theangular and vibratorymovernents of the body, one end at least of each link being cushioned in resilient material such as rubber operating between spherical joint elements and accommodating through its distortion the swinging of the joint.

13. In amounting assembly a vibratory body having induced torsional and angular vibrations; a mounting means attached thereto for supporting the body comprising a series or three or more links-converging from out or line positions toward each other and controlling and accommodating a mounting means attached thereto for support ing the body comprising converging links, one end at least of each link being cushioned in resilient material'such as rubber operating between spher- .ical joint elements, the major portion or the ed to direct stress by thrusts lengthwise oi the link. I

8. In a mounting assembly a vibratory body;

thereto for supporting the body comprising a series of three or more links converging from out of line positions toward each other, one end at least of each link being cushioned in resilient material such as rubber operating between spherical joint elements.

being preponderantly subject- 9. In a mounting assembly a vibratory body;

a mounting means attached thereto for support ing the body comprising a series of three or more links converging from out oi line positions toward each other, both ends of each link being cushioned in resilient material such as rubber operating between spherical joint elements, I

10. In a mounting assembly a vibratory body; a mounting means attached thereto for supporting the body comprising a series of three or more links converging from out of line positions toward each other, one end at least of each link being cushioned in resilient material such as rubber operating between spherical joint elements, the

swinging oi the links being accommodated by a preponderance of shear stress of the material and the major portion of the lengthwise thrusts through the swinging movement or the links the angular and vibratory movements 01 the body, one end at least of each link being cushioned in resilient material such as rubber operating between spherical joint elements and accommodating through its distortion the swinging oi the joint, the major portion of the material being subjected to stress in shear through the swinging of the links in response to'torsional and angular vibrations. i

14. In a mounting assembly a vibratory body adapted for overhung suspension on an upright support; a suspension attached to the body for supporting the body in overhung relation to such a support comprising a series 01' three or more links horizontally and vertically spaced converging toward each other, oneend at least of each link being cushioned in resilient material such as rubber accommodating through its distortion the swinging of the joint, substantially all of the material in action being preponderantly subjected to direct stress by thrusts lengthwise oi" the link.

15. In a mounting assembly a vibratory body adapted for overhung suspension on an upright support; a suspension attached to the body for supporting the body in overhung relation to such a support'comprising a series ofvthree or more links horizontally and vertically spaced converging toward each other, one end at least of each link being cushioned in resilient materialsuch as rubber accommodating throu'ghits distortion the swinging of the joint, the links being related to control and accommodate the angular and torsional vibratory movements of the body through the swinging of the links.

of the links being taken by direct stress of the material.

a mounting means attached thereto tor support-V 16. In a. mounting assembly a vibratory body adapted for overhung suspensionon an upright support; a suspension attached to the body for supporting the body in overhung relation to such a support comprising a series of three or more links horizontally and vertically spaced converging toward each other, one end at least of each link being cushioned in resilient material such as rubber operating between spherical joint elements accommodating through its distortion the swinging of the joint, the links being related to control and accommodate the angular and torsional vibratory movements of thebody th ugh the. swinging of ,thlie links. 7

.17. In a'mo ting. assembly a vibre'tory. adapted for overhung suspension on an upright v support'and including: a-rotating member and- )subiected, to induced torsional and angular v1- 'brations; a group of three 'or more links dis- I tributed about the s ns of the rotating-member and converging toward a focal point oflset from the suspension, thelinks having a. "relation controlling and accommodating the torsional" and I engulsnvibratorg movements through swinging otfthe links, oneendat 13st of each link being in. resilient material suchia's rubber operating sphericei joint elements and accommodating through its distortion the swing ing of the joint.

18. In a mounting assembly heving a vibratory body; emounting means attached thereto for supporting the body comprising converging links and yielding means tending to hold the body at a. neutral position, said links being provided with spherical surfaced end joints.

19.' In a. mounting assembly having a. vibrators body; a mounting means attached thereto for supporting the body" comprising converging links and yielding means tending to maintainthe body at neutral, said. links being providedf with spherically surfaced joints, one joint at"least having sliding spherical engaging surfaces. v

HUGH 

